Polycopy
00  Verdict
Simulated backtestSimulated
Polycopy/ Frontier Report/ H1 2026 Compiled 24 July 2026  ·  Private research

A delayed copy‑trader on Polymarket, simulated at executable prices, made money in six of six months of 2026.

Polycopy watches every trade on Polymarket, ranks wallets by whether they are profitable to follow two minutes late, and copies a narrow few of them. Across the first half of 2026 it returned +12.7% per month on average on a $10,000 book — after fees, after modelled slippage, and after refusing 91.5% of its own signals.

Read this first Every performance figure on this page is a backtested simulation on a $10,000 book. Nothing here is live-traded or paper-traded PnL. Real order-book data appears in one section only (§07), and is marked as observed. No live capital has ever been deployed.

6 / 6
Months profitable
January–June 2026, simulated
+$7,639.76
Net simulated PnL
Sum of six independent runs
+12.7%
Average month
Mean of the six monthly returns
$10,000
Book per month
Reset each month — not compounded
01

The frontier triad

Three numbers carry the case. The first is the headline: June 2026 was an unseen month, run with the rules frozen beforehand and the harshest assumptions yet.

June 2026 — frontier run
+18.50%
+$1,849.86  ·  14 fills

1% fee on every fill, reduced $3,500 synthetic book depth, a 120-second execution delay, and full risk caps. Rules were frozen before the month was run.

May 2026 — best month
+33.65%
+$3,365.40  ·  66 fills

The largest simulated month, and the only one where Book A contributed materially ($1,201.02 of it). Also the widest sample.

June — severe-liquidity stress
+8.98%
+$897.63  ·  6 fills

The same June, re-run with book depth cut to $2,500. Eight of fourteen fills vanish — and it still clears. This is the downside case, not the headline.

Hatched — simulated / modelled
Solid ochre — observed from real data
This distinction holds for every chart and figure below.
02

Six months, six profits

Each month is an independent simulation starting from a fresh $10,000 book. Returns are not compounded and no equity curve is drawn here, because chaining independent runs into one would overstate the result.

Monthly return on a $10,000 book — 2026

Simulated
10% 20% 30% 0 +9.30% +0.46% +9.90% +4.59% +33.65% +18.50% JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN 20 fills 29 fills 5 fills 36 fills 66 fills 14 fills +8.98% JUN 6 fills STRESS TEST
Bars are hatched because every fill was priced against modelled depth on top of real prices. The dashed column at right is the same June re-run with synthetic book depth cut from $3,500 to $2,500 — a deliberately punitive assumption, shown beside the headline rather than buried.
Per-month detail — simulated, $10,000 starting bankroll each month
Month (2026) Net PnL Return Fills Book A Book B
January+$929.99+9.30%20+$929.99
February+$45.54+0.46%29−$50.23+$95.77
March+$989.96+9.90%5+$989.96
April+$459.01+4.59%36+$27.64+$431.37
May+$3,365.40+33.65%66+$1,201.02+$2,164.38
June — frontier+$1,849.86+18.50%14+$224.93+$1,624.93
H1 2026 +$7,639.76 +12.7% avg 170 +$1,403.36 +$6,236.40

Book C appears in no row: it has never produced a signal. The H1 total is the sum of six separate $10,000 runs, not the result of compounding one account.

Earlier history — thinner configuration, not comparable

Before the current rule set, the same engine returned +6.84% ($683.73, 23 fills) over the whole of 2025, and +13.72% ($1,372.41) across H2 2025 alone. 2024 was approximately flat — a sparse-data era with near-zero activity. These ran on a thinner configuration and a much smaller stored tape; they are context, not evidence.

03

How it works, in plain language

Nine stages, from a firehose of trades down to a handful of positions. The narrowing is the whole point: almost everything that enters the top of this pipeline is thrown away.

From the tape to a position

Bar widths are logarithmic
2,505,474
Trades stored
Aug 2023 → Jul 2026
116,220
Markets seen
59,715 LLM-classified
38,072
Wallets discovered
24,387
Active wallets
10,516
Qualified wallet×niche pairs
of 114,491 scored
164
Signals raised in June
14
Fills taken in June
The first five rows are observed counts from the live local tape as of 24 July 2026. The last two are simulated outcomes of the June backtest, and are hatched accordingly. Widths are log-scaled — on a linear axis the bottom two rows would be invisible.
The core idea — “Follower-EV”

A wallet is not ranked by what it earned. It is ranked by what a copier would have earned entering two minutes late, at prices the order book would actually have given them.

  1. Watch

    Ingest every Polymarket trade in near-real-time, plus order books, minute-level prices and resolutions.

  2. Discover

    Flag interesting wallets: size anomalies (3–5× their own median), repeated pre-news timing, surprise-winner forensics, fresh-wallet longshots, leaderboards.

  3. Classify

    An LLM sorts each market into niches and flags the ones where somebody could plausibly know the outcome early — 822 so far.

  4. Qualify

    Replay every historical entry as a follower copying 120 seconds late with $100, walking real order books where stored. Keep only wallets profitable to copy.

  5. Screen for fraud

    Reject wash trading, reward farming and one-lucky-win concentration; demote wallets whose skill decays. Raw wallet PnL is never the ranking metric.

  6. Signal

    Three independent books — operator consensus, single-wallet conviction, insider conviction — each with its own budget and kill switch.

  7. Govern

    A web-enabled LLM may only veto or shrink Books B and C. The code clamps it: it can never create a trade or enlarge one.

  8. Risk

    Fractional Kelly sizing under stacked hard caps — $500 per trade, $3k per market, $6k per operator, $5k per niche, $9k total — plus daily and weekly circuit breakers.

  9. Execute, settle, audit

    Walk the book up to 250 bps past signal price; full fill or skip. Bail if the edge decayed. Positions settle at resolution; every signal, skip and fill is logged.

04

Three books, independently risked

Each book has its own budget, its own kill switch and its own bar for entry. Today one of them is the engine, one is still proving itself, and one has never fired a shot.

Operator consensus
Validating
June signals54
June fills2
June PnL+$224.93

Fires when several independent qualified operators converge on the same outcome inside a 15-minute window, with copycat wallets de-duplicated so one idea cannot masquerade as a crowd. Rare by construction. Its best month remains May ($1,201.02 on 6 fills).

Single-wallet conviction
Contributing
June signals110
June fills12
June PnL+$1,624.93

A qualified wallet enters fresh at anomalous size, in sports or elections niches, between 0.50 and 0.95. This is the working core: 88% of June’s PnL and $2,164.38 across 60 fills in May. If Polycopy has an edge, it currently lives here.

Insider conviction
Dormant by design
Signals, ever0
Fills, ever0
PnL$0.00

Buys “knows-the-outcome” wallets in insider-decidable markets and holds to resolution. Coded, hard-gated and intentionally extreme — it has never met its own bar, not once in three years of tape. It is included here because a strategy that never triggers is still part of the honest picture.

Share of June simulated PnL

Book B 87.8%  ·  Book A 12.2%  ·  Book C 0.0%

05

What June actually traded

Fourteen fills consolidated into nine closed positions. All nine won. That is a genuinely good month and a genuinely small sample — both statements are true at once.

9 / 9
Positions won
Every closed position settled a winner
$500
Base trade size
Kelly-capped, 1% fee each side
100%
Sports markets
World Cup 2026 and the NBA Finals
Hours–days
Holding period
Held to market resolution
Selected positions — four of the nine, simulated
Market Side Book Result Net PnL
Spain to win — World Cup 2026 matchNoBWon+$388
Knicks — NBA FinalsYesBWon+$380
IR Iran to win — World Cup 2026 matchNoBWon+$372
Spurs to win the titleNoAWon+$225
All nine positions Mostly buying “No” 9 won / 0 lost +$1,849.86

The pattern is worth naming: the profitable side was usually “No” on a favoured team in a single World Cup match. That is a structurally cheap position that pays often — and one that would look very different in a month where the favourites all held. Nine winners out of nine is not a hit rate you should extrapolate from.

06

Skipping is the feature

June raised 164 signals and took 14 of them — a 8.5% acceptance rate. Each square below is one signal. The bot saying “no” 150 times is not the risk system failing to find trades; it is the risk system working.

164 signals, June 2026

Simulated
Fourteen accepted signals sit at the top-left; the 150 refusals follow, grouped by reason and shaded from most to least common.
Disposition of every June signal
OutcomeCountShare
Filled148.5%
Thin book4829.3%
Insufficient edge3923.8%
Insufficient depth3219.5%
Edge decayed127.3%
Signal invalidated127.3%
Missing price history74.3%
Total signals164100%

Note that three of the top four refusal reasons are liquidity, not disagreement with the signal. Polycopy passes on trades it likes whenever the book cannot fill $500 inside 250 bps — which is precisely the discipline that makes §07 matter.

07

The reality bridge

Everything above is simulated. This section is not. On 22–23 July 2026 the bot began recording real Polymarket CLOB order books, so the central assumption of the backtest — that a $500 order could actually have been filled — could finally be tested against observation.

9,856
Order-book snapshots
Across 1,030 distinct tokens
93.6%
Books non-empty
Had at least one resting order
60.6%
Pass the $250 screen
Median executable liquidity $633; p90 $14,050
0.0 bps
Median slippage
On full $500 fills; mean 12.9, p90 34.9

Could a real $500 order have filled inside the 250 bps limit?

Observed
0% 100% of non-empty books
Measured, not modelled: 54.3% of non-empty real books would have taken a $500 order in full inside the price limit, at a median of zero slippage. The other 45.7% are exactly the opportunities the executor skips by design — and the skips in §06 show it doing so.

This is the closest thing to proof the project currently has. It does not validate the returns — it validates the fill assumption underneath them. The backtests priced fills on modelled depth because real books were not being recorded before 22 July 2026; these observations say that the modelled behaviour was, on the majority of books, achievable. That is a bridge, not a verdict.

08

Honesty ledger

Everything that would make a careful reader discount the numbers above, stated without softening. If any single item here disqualifies the project for you, that is a reasonable conclusion to reach.

  1. These are backtests, not returns

    Every performance figure is a simulation on a $10,000 book. Not live trading, not paper trading. No capital has been at risk. A backtest is a hypothesis about the past, and it was written by the same person who chose the rules.

  2. The fills used modelled depth

    Real order-book collection only began on 22 July 2026. Every backtested fill was priced against synthetic depth layered on top of real prices. The observed statistics in §07 are a validation bridge, not a substitute — they were gathered after the fact, on different markets, in a different week.

  3. The samples are small and the variance is high

    Between 5 and 66 fills per month; June, the headline month, had 14 fills and 9 closed positions. At that sample size a 9-for-9 month and a 4-for-9 month are not far apart in probability. Months are independent $10,000 runs and do not compound.

  4. One book is doing all the work

    Book B produced 88% of June’s PnL and essentially all of the history. Book A is still validating. Book C has never produced a single signal in three years of tape. This is a one-strategy engine wearing a three-strategy coat.

  5. No paper signal has fired yet

    The paper runner is live and collecting, but it has not yet produced a single signal. Until it does, there is no out-of-sample evidence of any kind — only frozen-rule backtests, which are weaker.

  6. The edge does not scale

    Capacity is tuned for roughly $10,000. Copy-trading edge on a venue this thin does not scale linearly — §07 shows the median executable book at $633. Larger size would move prices, miss fills, and compete with the very wallets being copied.

09

What would actually change the picture

Not another backtest. The rules have now been frozen and the paper runner is live against the real tape — the next meaningful evidence is prospective paper PnL, accumulated forward, on signals nobody has seen yet.

That is a slower and much less flattering way to make the case, which is exactly why it is the right one. A sixth consecutive profitable simulated month adds very little; a single month of honest forward paper trading would add more than all of §02.

Until then, the correct reading of this report is: a plausible, carefully-risked copy-trading system with encouraging simulations and no live evidence.

Engineering status — 24 July 2026
  • TESTS12 / 12 passing. Ruff and mypy clean.
  • RUNNERPaper runner stable over a residential connection.
  • FIXEDSQLite write collisions, event-loop stalls, retry storms and history-refresh overload all eliminated.
  • TAPEIngest running continuously; 2,505,474 trades stored and growing.
  • LIVEDeliberately hard-gated: confirmation phrase, credentials, and a $25 initial cap. Polymarket CLOB V2 only.
  • SIGNALSPaper signals fired to date: 0.